Mahmoud Darwish Narratives of Exile and Diaspora in the Poetry

Mahmoud Darwish was a Palestinian who lived between 1942 and 2008. His birth place was al- Birwa, a village in Galilee, which was occupied and eventually razed by the army from Israel. Considering that Darwish and the family had not participated in the authorized Israeli tally, they were regarded as internal refugees. For several years, Darwish resided in Paris and Beirut as an expatriate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mahmoud Darwish: Narratives of Exile and Diaspora in the Poetry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Darwish wrote numerous poetry and prose books. As a result, he was an award winner to the Lenin Peace Prize, Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize (Lannan Foundation), Belles Lettres Medal (France), and Knight of Arts. This paper aims at discussing the narratives of exile and diaspora in Darwish’s poetry. There are a wide array of attitudes linked to the exile and diaspora in Darwish’s poetry. T he Palestinian literature is punctuated through the themes of diaspora and exile. In the poem â€Å"Earth Scrapes Us†, Darwish depicts the level of nostalgia he had for his motherland. He wished that they were motherland’s wheat, its mother, and that their mother would have mercy on them. Similar to the Jews, the Palestinians had a destiny of residing in diaspora. This is because they had the habit of migrating from one exile to the other. Therefore, Darwish finds himself marveling about where their consequent refugee camp would be. On the same note, he made the revelations that the bleeding wounds bore by the refugees from Palestine would develop and become masses of olive trees. In several series of poems, Darwish created a vivid picture of the wretched conditions that his people in Beirut’s exile were residing in. In addition, he scrutinized the Palestinian refugees’ massacres since they were entrapped in the Lebanese civil war. Darwish’s poetry is a narration of the entire story concerning the Palestinian misfortunes while in the Lebanese Diaspora. The Lebanese allies and Israeli army heartlessly attacked the Palestinians’ refugee camps, which were based in Lebanon. After the Palestinian Liberation Organization’s multitudes were expatriated from Lebanon in 1982, the Israeli attacked the country. During this period, defenseless refugee camps were invaded and many children and women who were disarmed were killed. This was accomplished by the Israeli in coordination with the Lebanese Christian militias. In addition to this, these militias were accountable for the Palestinian refugees’ mass killings. This happened during the Tel-Al- Z a’tar massacre while the Lebanese Civil War was ongoing.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, the Palestinian refugee camps were under siege for a p eriod of more than 6 months. The Shi’ite Muslim militias and Syrian army had besieged the refugee camps. A majority of the exiled refugees starved to death. Darwish used a wide array of images in his poems. For instance, he utilized the sea image in â€Å"Brief Reflections on an Ancient and Beautiful City on the Coast of the Mediterranean Sea† to symbolize the Palestinian exile. Having been banished from their country, the refugees from Palestine had resided in the Lebanese exile from 1948. In 1982, when Lebanon was invaded by the Israeli, the Palestinian refugees were enforced to abandon their Lebanon camps and migrate to a new exile. Darwish gave a narration of how the sea evacuated the Palestinian refugees. In this case, the sea symbolized the Palestinian exile. Darwish also gave a highlight of the period that the Palestinian suffering lasted. The Palestinians’ exile took place in 1967 and 1948. This was after all the Palestinian terrains had been occupied. D uring the 3rd exodus in 1982, the Palestinian evacuees who were residing in Lebanon underwent through grave suffering. This was depicted in the statement that the sea could not hold an additional immigration since it had no more room. The survivors of the camps’ genocide were referred to by Darwish as the Massacre generation. These were doomed since they had to migrate from exile to exile. However, death was their only fate. Hence, Darwish showed the sympathy he had for the Palestinian refugees and offered apologies for the atrocities imposed upon the victim and land. In the ‘Victim Number48’, there is a description of the experiences of a Palestinian expatriate in Lebanon. Such experience is used to symbolize all the Palestinian refugees who were living in the Arabian land. It is worth noting that the expatriates were exposed to alienation, exile sufferings, and vulnerability to genocide and war. The Palestinian refugees were termed to as the victims who were de nied national passports. Ironically, the host country only gave them a travel document. There is a symbol of a poor woman in one of the poems. The poor woman symbolizes all Palestinian mothers who have no option but witness the suffering and death subjected to their children.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mahmoud Darwish: Narratives of Exile and Diaspora in the Poetry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The sufferings are particularly carried out by the Israeli soldiers as well as in the Arabian nations where the Palestinian refugees were regarded as aliens. In essence, Darwish made a lot of efforts in exploring the experiences in exile and diaspora. This essay on Mahmoud Darwish: Narratives of Exile and Diaspora in the Poetry was written and submitted by user Sonia Whitney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

DOWN SYNDROME Essays - Chromosomal Abnormalities, Cytogenetics

DOWN SYNDROME Essays - Chromosomal Abnormalities, Cytogenetics DOWN SYNDROME By; Theodore Kirk INTRODUCTION In every cell in the human body there is a nucleus, where genetic material is stored in genes. Genes carry the codes responsible for all our inherited traits and are grouped along rod-like structures called chromosomes. Typically, the nucleus of each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, half of which are inherited from each parent. Down syndrome occurs when an individual has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. The cause of the extra full or partial chromosome is still unknown. Maternal age is the only factor that has been linked to an increased chance of having a baby with Down syndrome resulting from nondisjunction or mosaicism. However, due to higher birth rates in younger, 80% of children with Down syndrome are born to women under 35 years of age. In my research paper I will be taking a closer look at the genetic disorders cause and effect. What is Down syndrome? Overview Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition that is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone in infancy. All affected individuals experience cognitive delays, but the intellectual disability is usually mild to moderate. Case in point: I had a set of fraternal twins (boy/girl), and my son was Down syndrome and so this is why this subject is of great importance to me. Babies that are born with this genetic disorder may have a variety of birth defects. About half of all affected children are born with heart defect. Such as the case with my son, he was born with two holds in his heart and also suffered with digest abnormalities. Children with Down syndrome have increased risk of developing several medical conditions. These include gastro esophageal reflux, which is a backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus, and celiac disease, which is an intolerance of a wheat protein called gluten. About 15% of children with Down syndrome have an underactive thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ in the lower neck that produces hormones. Individuals with Down syndrome also have an increased risk of hearing and vision problems. Additionally, a small percentage of children with Down syndrome develop cancer of blood-forming cells (leukemia). Delayed development and behavioral problems are often reported in children with Down syndrome. Affected individuals speech and language develop later and more slowly than in children without Down syndrome, and affected individual speech may be more difficult to understand. Behavioral issues can include attention problems, obsessive/compulsive behavior, and stubbornness or tantrums. A small percentage of people with Down syndrome are also diagnosed with developmental conditions called autism spectrum disorders, which affect communication and social interaction. People with Down syndrome often experience a gradual decline in thinking ability (cognition) as they age, usually starting around age 50. Down syndrome is also associated with an increase risk of developing Alzheimer disease, a brain disorder that result in a gradual loss of memory, judgment, and ability to function. Cause for Down syndrome In 1959, the French physician Jerome Jejune identified Down syndrome as a chromosomal condition. Instead of the usual 46 chromosomes present in each cell, Lejeune observed 47 in the cells of individuals with Down syndrome. It was later determined that an extra partial or whole copy of chromosome 21 resulted in the characteristics associated with Down syndrome. In the year 2000, an international team of scientists successfully identified and catalogued each of the approximately 329 genes on chromosome 21. This accomplishment opened the door to great advances in Down syndrome research. There are three types of Down syndrome: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), translocation and mosaicism. My research focus will be on trisomy 21, because this one was my sons condition and it accounts for 95% of cases. TRISOMY 21 (NONDISJUNCTION) Down syndrome is usually caused by an error in cell division called nondisjunction. Nondisjunction results in early embryo with three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. Prior to or at conception, a pair of 21st chromosomes in either the sperm or egg fails to separate. As the embryo develops, the extra chromosome is replicated in every cell of the body. DOWN SYNDROME DIAGNOSED There are two categories of tests for Down syndrome that can be performed before a baby is born: screening tests and diagnostic tests.

Evaluating Course Management Systems (CMS) Vendors Assignment

Evaluating Course Management Systems (CMS) Vendors - Assignment Example CMS aids organizations in managing content deployed through the internet. Organizations use web CMS in integrating the presence of their web with their other operations (Deo, 2010). This ensures that the content is current, relevant and refreshed. CMS also allows business to gain greater return and extract value from web channel, web communication and web marketing endeavors (Deo, 2010). This paper seeks to identify three CMS vendors, and compare and contrast their purchase and maintenance cost. This paper will identify three Course Management Systems Vendors; compare and contrast the functions and explain how they meet the needs and expectation of users. The first CMS vendor is the Database Vendors. This vendor include dynamic websites in which content is stored and separated from other particulars like format, style, supporting data and access rights. For example the Oracle which has had their own CMS offerings developed. This type of CMS vendor is expensive compared to the others if both maintenance and purchase. Database Vendors have understated and significant misalignment consumer group who has restricted their success in the product class (Deo, 2010). The customer model also has direct access to competent trained IT professionals who directly communicate within the organization to content producers. The second CMS vendor is the Internet Service Provider; this includes website hosting and registration of commodity business with competent and intense price which also allows switching costs. Businesses using this vendor are mainly interested in means of adding value to customers and help in what may avoid switching between vendors. This CMS vendor delivers products of content management and site building and delivery of site hosting, domain registration and site development. The products of this vendor are however conceived poorly because they are not the major game of the operation. Purchase and maintenance costs are however relatively low compared to Data base Vendors (Deo, 2010). The third CMS vendor is the Enterprise CMS Majors. This includes vendors like Vignette and EMC Documentation which produces document management among other manipulation tools and content aggregation. This vendor is used in managing non-web content. The vendor suits organizations moving documents for collaborative authoring within the organization for carefully publishing and version control (Deo, 2010). The vendor then allows content to be expanded and published in the internet. However, the application’s development path makes them completely proprietary and complicated. Installation of Enterprise CMS Major requires change management, extended timeline, financial expense, detailed training, and a committed organization in order to ensure success. This makes the cost of purchase and maintenance relatively high compared to the other types of vendors (Deo, 2010). Generally, all the three discussed CMSs are effective and meet the needs of users in vario us ways. The users benefit from these three CMSs due to their features such as: production of web pages (Chaudhari, 2009). They produce, edit and deploy web pages; systemization of web pages; turns production and web management into a system of activities delivering efficiency; simplification of website production activities. They internalize technical, communication and design complexity in the production of websites; user management as they manage users at different levels. It regulates who sees what on the site and who can edit and

The Greek Debt Crisis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Greek Debt Crisis - Assignment Example This paper is inclined towards analyzing the debt crisis of Greek. The debt crisis is considered as an important point for discussion. The countries have to encounter various financial constraints due to the debt crisis. The main reason for the Greek crisis is the weakening of the economic assistance and support. The Greek debt crisis has captured the attention of the people across the world. The main cause of the sovereign Greek debt crisis is due to the failure of the government in repaying of the debt to other countries. Debt has become a burden for Greek. The increase in debt is not only due to the failure of the government in repaying of its debt but also due to the low interest rate that prevailed in the country. The crisis has adversely affected the economy with the decrease in the employment opportunities. The low rate of interest has risen the domestic spending and has increased the rate of inflation. The reliance on borrowing by the Greek government on the international mar ket has led to the emergence of crisis. The crisis has impacted negatively. Since the failure to repay the debt has affected the confidence of the consumers to a large extent. As a result of which the investors will hesitate in investing in this countries and the countries of the world will restrict them from lending to Greece. The rate of debt has rose during the period of 2008 to 2009 as a result of which it has adversely affected the financial performance of the country. The financial debt crisis has affected the country in 2007 and the crisis has continued till the period of 2011. The Greek debt crisis is considered as one of the largest debt crisis of the world as compared to the debt crisis that is encountered by the other countries of the world. The debt crisis has affected all the sectors and segments of the economy to a large extent. The banking sector has been adversely affected (Bitzenis, 2014). The main reason behind

The Importance of Risk Management

The Importance of Risk Management Risk management is an important part of decision making process in a construction company. Risk can affect productivity, performance, quality, and budget of a construction project. This chapter gives an overview of construction project risks. Meanwhile, risks in construction project will be recognized and classified into several groups. Furthermore, the current trend in risk management researches will also be discussed in this chapter. It is very important to elaborate risks in construction projects for the purpose of this project paper as to fulfil the first objective of this research, which is to identify and classify the risks in construction projects. Risk is defined as the chance of an adverse event depending on the circumstances (Butler, 1982). Risk is perceived as the potential for unwanted or negative consequences of an event or activity'(Rowe, 1977 ), a combination of hazard and exposure (Chicken and Posner, 1998). Recent research tends to emphasize the two-edged nature of risks, such as a threat and a challenge'(Flanagan and Norman, 1993), the chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives; may have a positive or negative impact'(AS/NZS, 2004), combination of the probability or frequency of occurrence of a defined threat or opportunity and the magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence. This study examines mainly the negative impacts of risks inherent in construction projects through a combined consideration of the likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of consequence. Risk management is a system which aims to identify and quantify all risks to which the business or project is exposed so that a conscious decision can be taken on how to manage the risks'(Flanagan and Norman, 1993). PMBOK included risk management as one of the nine focuses in project management and described it as the processes concerned with conducting risk management planning, identification, analysis, responses, and monitoring and control on a project. Recently, AS/NZS defined risk management as the culture, processes and structures that are directed towards realizing potential opportunities whilst managing adverse effects'(AS/NZS, 2004). In line with these definitions, risk management in the construction project management context is a systematic way of identifying, analysing and dealing with risks associated with a project in an aim to achieve the project objectives (Zou et al., 2007). Owing to its increasing importance, risk management has been recognized as a necessity in toda ys construction industry, and a set of techniques and strategies have been developed to control the influences brought by potential risks (Zou et al., 2007). A variety of risk and risk-related definitions are applied to construction projects, and no standard definitions or procedures exist for what constitutes a risk assessment. In the construction industry, risk is often referred to as the presence of potential or actual treats or opportunities that influence the objectives of a project during construction, commissioning, or at time of use (RAMP, 1998). Risk is also defined as the exposure to the chance of occurrences of events adversely or favourably affecting project objectives as a consequence of uncertainty (Al-Bahar and Crandall, 1990). According to (Walewski and Gibson, 2003) as mentioned by Dias and Ioannou (1995) , there are two types of risk: 1) pure risk when there is the possibility of financial loss but no possibility of financial gain, and 2) speculative risk that involves the possibility of both gains and losses. CIIs definitive work on construction risks (Diekmann et al., 1998) uses classic operations research literature t o distinguish the concepts of risk, certainty, and uncertainty, and is consistent with the literature (ASCE, 1979; CIRA, 1994; Kangari, 1995; Hastak and Shaked, 2000; PMI, 2001; Smith, 2001) on what is considered as the sequential procedures for construction risk management: 1) identification, 2) assessment, 3) analysis of impact, and 4) management response. Increased concerns about project risk have given rise to various attempts to develop risk management methodologies. An example of such is the Risk Analysis and Management of Projects (RAMP) method produced by the Institute of Civil Engineers and the Institute of Actuaries in the United Kingdom (RAMP, 1998) . This method uses a project framework to identify and mitigate risk by using the accepted framework of risk identification and project controls by focusing on risks as they occur during the project life cycle. It requires users to follow a rational series of procedures and to undertake this analysis at scheduled intervals during the life cycle of a project. Traditional risk assessment for construction has been synonymous with probabilistic analysis (Liftson and Shaifer, 1992, Al-Bahar and Crandall, 1990). Such approaches require events to be mutually exclusive, exhaustive, and conditionally independent. However, construction involves many variables, and it is often difficult to determine causality, dependence and correlations. As a result, subjective analytical methods that rely on historical information and the experiences of individuals and companies have been used to assess the impact of construction risk and uncertainty (Bajaj et al., 1997). Project risk is an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or a negative effect on at least one project objective, such as time, cost, scope, or quality (i.e., where the project time objective is to deliver in accordance with the agreed-upon schedule; where the project cost objective is to deliver within the agreed-upon cost; etc.). A risk may have one or more causes and, if it occurs, one or more impacts. For example, a cause may be requiring an environmental permit to do work, or having limited personnel assigned to design the project. The risk event is that the permitting agency may take longer than planned to issue a permit, or the design personnel available and assigned may not be adequate for the activity. If either of these uncertain events occurs, there may be an impact on the project cost, schedule, or performance. Risk conditions could include aspects of the projects or organizations environment that may contribute to project risk, such as poor proje ct management practices, lack of integrated management systems, concurrent multiple projects, or dependency on external participants who cannot be controlled. Successful project management requires the identification of the factors impacting project scope definition, cost, schedule, contracting strategy and work execution plan. However much of the research related to risk identification, assessment and management for constructed facilities is focused on specifics such as location, categories of risks aspects, or types of projects. For example lists of relevant construction project risks have been developed (Kangari, 1995, RAMP, 1998, Smith, 1999, Hastak and Shaked, 2000, Diekmann et al., 1998) as well as political risk are available (Ashley and Bonner, 1987, Howell, 2001) . The value of systematic risk management of project activity is not fully recognized by the construction industry (Walewski et al., 2002) . Since no common view of risk exists, owners, investors, designers, and constructors have differing objectives and adverse relationships between the parties are common. Attempts at coordinating risk analysis management between all of the project participants have not been formalized and this is especially true between contractors and owners. (Hayes et al., 1987) defined three phases for risk management process (RMP), namely: risk identification; risk analysis and risk response. (Uher and Toakley, 1999) indicated that out of three phases involved in risk management, the concept of risk identification appears to be the most known and practiced. (Lam, 1999), in his paper which discussed risks associated with major infrastructure projects, and defined risk identification as listing of most, if not all, the potential areas where an undesired outcome may result. Such listing should be done at the earliest possible stage of the project. Furthermore, the author listed some techniques that could be used in risk identification such as brain storming, prompt lists, structured interviews and hindsight reviewers. Another useful method is to simulate events and relationships using a hypothetical project life cycle so that the relevant risk factors are made apparent. Risk identification is normally done in a group.(Chapman, 1997) introduced three methods for risk identification, namely: brain storming; Nominal Group Technique (NGT) and Delphi. These are ways to collect judgments from the project team. However, brainstorming was the most commonly cited technique. (Tummala and Burchett, 1999) defined Risk Management Process (RMP) as a logically, consistent and structured approach to enumerate and understand possible risk factors and to assess their consequences and uncertainties.(Chapman, 1997) stated that a formal (RMP) should be applied at all stages in the project lifecycle by project owners and contractors. Alternatively, the process is referred to by many authors as (PRAM) Project Risk Analysis and Management. However, it is the authors opinion that (PRAM) and (RMP) are similar terms for the same concept and can be used interchangeably. (Uher and Toakley, 1999) resented a paper discussing the use of risk management in the conceptual phase of the construction project development cycle where uncertainty is at its peak. Furthermore, (Cano and Cruz, 2002) explained a generic risk management process to be undertaken by organizations with the highest level of risk management maturity in the largest and most complex construction projects. As a final validation, Delphi analysis was applied to assess the risk management methodology. (Fang et al., 2004) presented a risk assessment model for tendering of Chinese building projects on the basis of identification and evaluation of the major risk events in the Chinese construction market. The findings showed that the risk of a project can be assessed through analysis of factors such as: owner type; source of project financing; existence or lack of cooperation between contractors and the owner; the intensity of competition for tendering and the reasonableness of the bid price. (Charoenngam and Yeh, 1999) stipulated the importance of a proper contractual foundation to ensure successful project execution, especially in case of projects involving multidisciplinary teams.(Thompson and Perry, 1992) addressed the necessity of model or standard sets of conditions of contracts where risk is allocated to different contract parties, but the principals behind this allocation have not been stated . Construction contracts are one of the primary vehicles of risk allocation and management, Ibbs et al. (1986). Furthermore, (Bubshait and Almohawis, 1994) stated that when a contractor is working in an unfamiliar construction environment, one source of risk is the contract conditions. There is significant evidence in the literature that checklists are the most commonly used methods of risks identification.(Uher and Toakley, 1999, Akintoye and MacLeod, 1997, Simister, 1998), all stated that checklists recorded the highest use among practitioners of risk management as compared to other techniques. (Uher and Toakley, 1999) stated that the most commonly applied risk identification techniques were checklists, brainstorming and flowcharts. Other techniques such as questionnaires, scenarios building and case based approaches were less popular, while techniques such as influence diagrams and Hazop were largely unknown. (Akintoye and MacLeod, 1997) on the basis of the results of a survey of risk management techniques conducted on general contractors and project management firms, stated that checklists based on intuition, judgment and experience recorded the highest formality with the respondents. The authors also stated that checklists could not be considered as a formal technique. (Simister, 1998) indicated that traditional methods are still favored in the UK, even though the level of awareness of other formal and more complex techniques is high. The study listed 12 techniques and indicated a percentage of the current/past use as well as the level of awareness for each technique. Checklists were the most popular technique, followed by Monte Carlo Simulation, Project Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT), Sensitivity Analysis and Decision Trees. (Hassanein and Afify, 2007) in their study about Risk management practices of contractors: a case study of power station projects in Egypt identified a marked lack of consistency in the contractors risk identification effort. Contractors possessing past experience in Egypt were far better able to identify the relevant risks. On the other hand, local Egyptian contractors with vast experience in Egypt but limited project management experience were shown to lack the necessary expertise to properly identify risks and to take the appropriate exceptions. Furthermore, the results revealed that bidders do not include in their proposals their true lists of exceptions which represent genuine risks to them.

Communication and interpersonal skills Essay

Understand how communication and interpersonal skills affect managerial performance in the workplace Evaluate how interpersonal skills and communication skills affect managerial performance 2.1It is self-evident that communication and interpersonal skills are crucial in the workplace. Good two-way communication is important to enable the flow of information in an effective way whether it be verbal or non-verbal. Good communication has a positive impact on the performance of the team including; everyone is clear what is expected from them, they receive good feedback and recognition of achievements which makes staff feel valued and boosts employee morale. The manager needs to be approachable and have a non-threatening manner so staff feel at ease when discussing any issues or concerns. Good interpersonal relations encourage open behaviour where everyone is working as a team and supporting each other with a common sense of purpose. When goals and objectives are clearly set, with colleagues feeling involved and motivated, it has the overall effect of connecting each staff member and enabling team work. All of this results in a much stronger performance from the organisation as a whole, delivering high quality dental care in a happy relaxed environment and inevitably It will be much more successful in achieving its goals Poor communication results in staff being unclear of objectives, de-motivated and giving the impression of disinterest or even arrogance. Failure to communicate effectively often leads to conflict and the spread of rumours can begin to circulate which can harm a business internally as well as externally. It would be impossible to achieve the practice’s goals and objectives if there is significant conflict in the workplace. Boredom and a negative attitude also influence an employee’s receptiveness to a message. Overall poor communication and interpersonal skills have an adverse and counterproductive effect. Provide an evaluation of two or more strategies to overcome barriers to effective managerial communication and interpersonal skills. 2.2 In a small practice with part-time team members there is a high possibility of communication failure for example; messages not being passed on at all or incorrectly, decisions made earlier in the week without involvement or reference to all colleagues. This may result in mixed perceptions or feelings of marginalisation. To overcome this barrier, staff meetings are to be held on dates where all staff can attend. If this is not possible the minutes of the meeting should be written out and forwarded on to the appropriate people. It is also important to seek feedback regularly to check the message has been conveyed in a clear and concise way. Forums and emails are an efficient mechanism for short, chatty updates. It is also a good method of quickly communicating messages to several people and allowing further discussion with feedback and input. Another communication barrier that could occur would be staff not being clear of tasks that have been set for them to do by the busy, Principal Dentist. If this is done in an ad hoc, informal manner the tasks may not be done in the correct way or simply keep being rolled forward. To help overcome this barrier, I would need to ascertain from the Principal exactly what is required and when. I would then devise a rigorous schedule with clear step-by-step guide on what needs to be achieved. I would negotiate with individuals and delegate specific tasks depending on the skills required. The schedule would record who has been made responsible and have a checklist to be signed against. This would be displayed in a prominent position for example the staff room or a whiteboard. Once the job has been completed I can then report back within the time frame that the Dentist requires.

Cultural Norms, Fair & Lovely and Advertising Essay

2. Is it ethical to exploit cultural norms and values to promote a product? Discuss. It is ethical to utilize cultural diversity and values of a community to promote a product. However, such promotion should only be done in a way that there are not demanding to a particular group or cultural norms. Considering the case of Fair and Lovely, promoting the product using the dark and fair skin is divisive and portrays people with dark color as inferior to those with lighter color. In addition to that, the advertising identifies people with lighter color as people who have more opportunities in life, something that is likely to demean people with dark color. To this extent, the promotion is unethical. 3. Is the advertising of Fair and Lovely demeaning to women, or is it promoting the fairness cream in a way not too dissimilar from how much cosmetics are promoted? Advertising of Fair and Lovely are demeaning to women with dark color. Fair and Lovely portray women with light color as the only group that have opportunities. These advertisements offend people with dark color, considering that character, abilities, and opportunities are not defined by color. The advertisement should concentrate on its effectiveness and not describe the difference between light skin and dark people. 5. In light of AIDWA’s charges, how would you suggest Fair & Lovely promote its product? Discuss. Would your response be different if Fairever continued to use â€Å"fairness† as a theme of its promotion? Discuss. I would suggest that Fair and Lovely reconsider the cultural impact of their advertisements. AIDWA should demand that HLL answer a few questions in the respect of their issues. The questions include: Does the Fair & Lovely advertisement depict racism?